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Category: archives

Building simple switches

In the material we are scanning from Alexandra Enders’ collection of DIY assistive tech information, we have come across several great sources for learning the basics of electronics in order to make switches, buzzers, and other small gadgets, very useful for people with limited dexterity to control other devices.

I really like these short, practical guides. Rather than having to wade through a college textbook level guide to electronics, you get just the basics you need to build very cheap and easy gadgets.

Today’s scan is simply called “Introduction to Electric Circuits”, written in 1981 by Hugh O’Neill from the Rehabilitation Engineering Center at Stanford.

He explains what a circuit is – an unbroken path from one terminal to another of a power source, through which current can flow. A good overview of circuits in series and parallel comes next, including the tip that most simple toy adapters the AT maker will build, will be in series.

Types of switches covered are toggle, rocker, push button, microswitch, rotary, and mercury (tilt) switches.

It’s a very condensed electronics course in about 15 pages! If you walk through it and try the instructions, you will learn enough about how batteries, switches, circuits, and so on work that you can build many adaptive devices.

Have a look: https://archive.org/details/introduction-electric-circuits

a diagram showing a complete and a broken circuit

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Adding metadata to individual device entries

The DIY information that the GOAT team has been scanning and cataloguing is in book-sized chunks right now. So, you can go to the Internet Archive to our scanned material, and search on a term — for example, “woodworking“, or “clothing” and you’ll be able to view the entire book. 

Our goal, though, is to be able to search for individual devices. Our next project is to pull out those devices and add metadata to them. We’re testing that now on a small scale! Check out the DIY Big Index page. While there are only a few devices there for now, you may be able to see the potential! 

We will end up with an easy way to search for every record we’ve got on how to build a standing frame, a fork extender, or a cup holder. Anyone can then comment on the designs, add photos or links to videos, and so on, to show their own builds and contribute improvements, variations, and other suggestions. 

Those entries don’t have to be limited to information we’ve scanned. We can index and host archive copies from other sources too, and include open source software and hardware projects, like those from OpenMedTech or Open Source Wheelchairs!

We will be hosting an event soon to invite volunteers to help us categorize and label devices. If you’re interested, please comment here or email liz@openassistivetech.org!

 

 

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Archive scans: Punk on crutches in a clothing DIY book

ink and pen illustration of person in punk rock gear and a mohawk, with forearm crutches
“Choosing fabric, or ready-to-wear clothes, involves establishing a list of personal priorities”

In our recent scanning and archiving work, I really loved this illustration from a 1987 book, Fabricwise,  on issues to consider when choosing fabrics for adaptive clothing. Really, it’s a good short primer on the pros and cons of different kinds of fabrics and why you might choose them in particular situations.

You might want to think about the tradeoff between a little bit of stretch for your pants if you are sitting in a wheelchair (good for comfort and not having baggy pants; bad for durability).

A quote from the introduction:

An able-bodied person may be able to tolerate clothes made from fabrics which are less than comfortable, crease badly or need a lot of care. For the person with disabilities, any one of these drawbacks, discovered too late, may mean that the clothes are hardly worn.

Correctly chosen fabrics can help minimise some of the problems of people with disabilities; a wheelchair cushion covered in a fabric with a high pile or rough finish may contribute to sitting stability while one with a fabric surface which is smooth may make wheelchair transfers easier. Warm yet lightweight bedding can make sleep more comfortable and getting in and out of bed easier.

It has a lot of ideas like this that seem like common sense when you think about it – but that many people have to find out for themselves. I never thought about using a rougher wheelchair cushion fabric to stop myself from sliding around, but now I want to try it!

Sadly, the book does not magically solve the problem of jacket cuffs fraying on one’s manual wheelchair tires.

But I appreciate the punk representation!!

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DIY archive work

book cover in english and hindi: Upkaran, a manual of aids for the multiply handicapped

GOAT’s Archival team is cataloguing DIY assistive tech material – currently, many boxes of books and papers donated by Alexandra Enders. Many of the books we are going through and scanning are not available in any library and not findable in digital form online – they are unique, and we are so excited to preserve them for future generations, so they can learn, build, use, and invent based on these assistive tech designs!

The team adds each source to our LibraryThing profile, and adds metadata such as keyword tags. Have a look at our current catalog.

The material is then scanned and uploaded to GOAT’s account on the Internet Archive, freely available to anyone around the world to read.

As we go through the 20 or so donated boxes, we will be moving the source material when appropriate to the Prelinger Library in San Francisco, which has agree to host our physical copies that are unique, rare, or important. These hard copies to be accessible to the public, so that people can visit, browse, and read elements of this important collection in person.

Thanks to our Archiving team: Veronica, Karen, Milo, and Jack!

liz, karen, and veronica smiling in front of a box of papers, a scanner, and laptop

Book cover: Designing and Constructing Adaptive Equipment on your desktop. diagram of child lying on adaptive pillows, design of overcoat with adaptive fastenings

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Cataloguing our archives

In the summer, GOAT started cataloguing and scanning a box from the archives of assistive tech DIY booklets, papers, and books donated to the organization. We have an initial “pilot” box of materials to work with, going through each item and filling out a short printed worksheet by hand to describe some of its meta information, including:

  • author(s) if they are not clear
  • general subject
  • a selection of tags, with free tagging if needed
  • uniqueness, via WorldCat, Internet Archive, and other searches

Our first intern, Jack Kulkulski, got a crash course in disability justice, assistive tech, intellectual property, open software licensing and hardware licensing, copyleft, and more. For now, items are catalogued on LibraryThing, as it is affordable, has a flexible interface, and an API so we can later query it for searches and display items from it on the GOAT website.

We have made some preliminary scans of stapled or unbound material that could be easily disassembled and then put together again. Documents are scanned to PDF, OCR-ed, and converted to other file formats. We will likely be uploading much of the older, unique material to the Internet Archive.

For example, this short booklet, “Application and Construction Notes for Laptrays and Adaptive Pointers [microform] : Wobble Stick Toy Control, Adaptive Pointers, Slide-Away Laptray, Swing-Away Lapboard and Folding Communication Board”. It’s packed with useful looking diagrams and instructions to make trays, communication boards, and adaptive pointers that attach to wheelchairs or elsewhere. It is difficult to find, though you can view it on microfiche at the University of Colorado and maybe could order it from ERIC. We have catalogued it (very amateurly; not as real library cataloguers would do) at LibraryThing in the openassistivetech.org collection. The full text of the scan will be uploaded soon.

Here’s our intern hard at work assessing materials from Box A of the archives:
a young man working at a table with a pile of books, smiling up at the camera

These boxes of materials for cataloguing and scanning were generously donated by DIY assistive tech expert Alexandra Enders. I’ll write more about Alexandra in a future post!

The eventual home will be at a very interesting, privately owned public institution: the Prelinger Library in San Francisco, so that anyone who wants to look at the physical papers and books will be able to use them.

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Open Assistive Tech!

Welcome!

Grassroots Open Assistive Tech’s purpose is to document, preserve, and freely share assistive technology designs and information under open licenses. 

In 2024, we are starting to host community events, in partnership with many other organizations!

We are also working on cataloguing a pilot box curated from our many boxes of donated materials to prepare for scanning and uploading. 

black and white outline logo of a hammer crossed with a wrench

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